Subject Guide

Economics

Diagrams + Explanation + Evaluation. You’re writing “mini-arguments” with a diagram as evidence.

Scoring-7 rule: Define → Diagram → Explain → Example → Evaluate (DEED).

Paper Breakdown

Paper 1

Essay (big reasoning + evaluation)

  • Use DEED paragraphs.
  • Always include a diagram.
  • Final judgement must match your evaluation.

Paper 2

Data response (extract + questions)

  • Use data from the extract (numbers/quotes).
  • Explain with the right theory.
  • Evaluate with real-world constraints.

Paper 3 (HL)

Policy + calculations

  • Show calculation steps.
  • Interpret what your number means.
  • Link back to objectives (inflation, growth, equity).

Core Diagrams You Must Master

  • Demand/Supply + shifts (with equilibrium changes)
  • Price ceiling/floor (shortage/surplus + welfare)
  • Externalities (MSC/MSB) + taxes/subsidies
  • AD–AS (SRAS/LRAS shifts + inflation/growth)
  • Exchange rate (appreciation/depreciation effects)
  • Tariff diagram (consumer/producer surplus + DWL)
Diagram tip: Label axes + curves + arrows. No labels = free marks lost.

Evaluation Sentence Starters

  • “However, the policy may be limited by…”
  • “In the short run…, but in the long run…”
  • “This depends on elasticity because…”
  • “There may be unintended consequences such as…”
  • “A more suitable policy might be…”
Always finish with judgement: most effective when…, least effective when…

Best Study Method (Weekly)

  • 2x/week: Paper 2 data response (timed)
  • 1x/week: Paper 1 essay plan + 1 full paragraph
  • Daily: 1 diagram from memory + label it
  • Error log: missing labels, missing eval, wrong definitions

Common Mark Traps

  • No definitions
  • Diagram not linked to explanation
  • Evaluation is generic / no judgement
  • No real-world example

Quick Checklist

  • Did I define key terms?
  • Did I draw + label a diagram correctly?
  • Did I use an example (real or plausible)?
  • Did I evaluate and give a judgement?
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